Which theory connects societal success pressures with criminal activity?

Strain theory is designed to explain how societal pressures can lead individuals to engage in criminal behavior. The foundational idea of this theory is that society sets culturally approved goals and means to achieve them, such as financial success or educational attainment. However, when individuals lack the legitimate means to achieve these goals—whether due to poverty, discrimination, or lack of access to resources—they may experience strain or frustration. This strain can push them towards alternative, often criminal, methods to achieve those societal goals.

In essence, strain theory highlights how the disconnect between societal expectations and individuals' ability to meet these expectations can foster an environment where crime becomes a viable option for some. By understanding this relationship, it's clear how societal pressure can contribute to criminal behavior, making strain theory the appropriate choice for this question.

The other theories—conflict theory, control theory, and labeling theory—focus on different aspects of the relationship between society and crime. Conflict theory, for example, emphasizes power dynamics and inequality, while control theory looks at social bonds and the absence of their influence on crime. Labeling theory addresses how society's labels can perpetuate criminal behavior rather than the pressures for success itself. Thus, while relevant in broader discussions about crime, these theories do not specifically connect societal