What are layers in the wedding cake model of justice typically characterized by?

The layers in the wedding cake model of justice are primarily characterized by the severity and visibility of the crime. This model, proposed by Samuel Walker, categorizes cases into four distinct layers, with each layer reflecting different types of crimes and the corresponding judicial treatment they receive.

At the top layer is the high-profile, serious cases, often involving violent crimes or crimes that attract significant media attention. These cases usually receive extensive legal resources and are treated with the utmost seriousness within the legal system.

The next layer is made up of less serious felonies, which are still important but do not garner the same level of public interest. These cases may not be as visible in the media or public consciousness but still demand judicial attention.

The third layer includes misdemeanors, which are less severe offenses that typically result in lighter sentences and less significant legal ramifications.

Finally, the bottom layer consists of infractions or minor offenses, often handled with minimal legal procedure. This hierarchical approach emphasizes how crime severity influences the criminal justice process, showcasing that not all cases are treated equally based on the crime's impact and recognition by society.